Materials Science
Materials are the building blocks of civilizations. Materials such as stone, bronze, iron, gold, and silver were used to make tools and vessels for thousands of years, and naturally, they were used to give names to the major epoch of civilization. Today, metal alloys are used in the construction of bridges, buildings, and transportation vehicles. Newer materials such as synthetic polymers are widely used to make kitchenware, sports equipment, and even the clothing we wear.
During the past 20 years, materials research has produced semiconductors and optical fibers to revolutionize the communications industry and usher in the information superhighway. The field has also spawned growth in industries such as aerospace, energy, automobiles, chemical, biomaterials, metals, and electronics.
The Science of Materials
Materials science is an interdisciplinary approach to science that brings together tools in science, technology, and mathematics to bear toward the solution of critical societal needs. The study of materials covers all materials, both natural and synthetic. In a quest to uncover nature’s design secrets, the materials scientists are gaining spectacular insights into the cross-sections of plant leaves, the microstructure of seashells and corals, and the “superglue” used by mussels as they study how material properties are related to composition and structure at all levels. Material scientists are also focusing on a better understanding of how we can control the basic building blocks of materials, the materials’ atomic and electronic configurations, in order to develop new and improved products, such as more energy efficient and environmentally friendly materials.
Real-World Applications
Since the world of materials touches every aspect of our lives, the study of materials provides opportunities for students to learn science and math in the context of real-world applications. The modules have flexible formats, allowing them to supplement existing science and math curricula. The activities in each module are designed to provide the necessary background and motivation for the students to successfully complete the design project presented. Each module activity builds on preceding ones and ultimately provides students with the principles, ideas, and techniques that they will use in the design challenge.